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AP Biology
THEORY
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology is a rigorous, college-level course and exam that provides a comprehensive overview of the biological sciences. The curriculum is organized around four "Big Ideas" that help students connect seemingly disparate facts into a cohesive understanding of life.
The Four Big Ideas
1. Evolution
The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. This section covers natural selection, population genetics, phylogenetic trees, and the origin of living systems.
2. Energetics
Biological systems use energy and molecular building blocks to grow, reproduce, and maintain dynamic homeostasis. Key topics include:
- Enzyme catalysis and cellular metabolism.
- Photosynthesis: How light energy is converted into chemical energy.
- Cellular Respiration: How cells break down glucose to produce ATP.
3. Information Storage and Transmission
Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes.
- DNA & RNA: Structure and replication.
- Gene Expression: Transcription and translation (the Central Dogma).
- Genetics: Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
- Biotechnology: PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing.
4. Systems Interactions
Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions exhibit complex properties. This spans from the molecular level (cell signaling) to the global level (ecology and community dynamics).
Exam Structure
The AP Biology exam is divided into two main sections, each accounting for 50% of the total score:
Section I 60 Multiple-Choice Questions 90 Minutes
Section II 6 Free-Response Questions (2 Long, 4 Short)90 Minutes
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